Tughlaq Dynasty: History, Founder, Rulers, Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Feroz Shah Tughlaq

Tughlaq Dynasty is one of the most important topics in the history of the Delhi Sultanate because it represents both the height of imperial ambition and the beginning of serious political fragmentation in North India. The Tughlaq Dynasty ruled from 1320 to 1414 AD and came after the Khalji period. Its history includes strong rulers, bold experiments, major administrative reforms, public works, architectural innovation, provincial revolts, Timur’s invasion and the eventual rise of the Sayyid Dynasty.

The Tughlaq Dynasty was founded by Ghazi Malik, who became Sultan under the title Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq in 1320 AD. He restored order after the chaos that followed the death of Alauddin Khalji and the brief rule of Khusrau Khan. After him came Muhammad bin Tughlaq, one of the most brilliant yet controversial rulers of medieval India. He was followed by Feroz Shah Tughlaq, who is remembered for canals, cities, public works, hospitals, slave departments and religious orthodoxy. The later Tughlaqs became weak, and the dynasty finally collapsed after Timur’s invasion and the rise of Khizr Khan.

Students often search for Tughlaq Dynasty history, founder of Tughlaq Dynasty, Tughlaq Dynasty rulers, Tughlaq Dynasty rulers list, Tughlaq Dynasty time period, Tughlaq Dynasty architecture, Tughlaq Dynasty coins, last ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty, who was Ghazi Malik, Ghazi Malik was the founder of which dynasty, Muhammad bin Tughlaq, and Feroz Shah Tughlaq. This guide answers these questions in a connected and student-friendly way.

To understand the Tughlaq Dynasty properly, students should read it as part of a complete historical sequence. Bellum Report has already published related guides on Muhammad Bin Qasim, the Ghaznavid Empire, Muhammad Ghori, and the Slave Dynasty. These topics explain the background of early Muslim rule, the rise of Turkish power, the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate and the political environment before the Tughlaqs.

Show Table of Contents

1. What Is the Tughlaq Dynasty?
2. Tughlaq Dynasty Time Period
3. Tughlaq Dynasty Origin
4. Founder of Tughlaq Dynasty: Ghazi Malik
5. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq: Restoration and Foundation
6. Tughlaqabad and Tughlaq Dynasty Architecture
7. Muhammad bin Tughlaq: The Visionary Failure
8. Transfer of Capital to Daulatabad
9. Token Currency Experiment
10. Taxation in the Doab
11. Khurasan and Qarachil Expeditions
12. Diwan-i-Amir-Kohi and Agricultural Reforms
13. Fragmentation of the Sultanate
14. Feroz Shah Tughlaq and Public Works
15. Canals, Cities and Welfare Institutions
16. Administrative and Religious Policy of Feroz Shah
17. Tughlaq Dynasty Coins
18. Timur Invasion of India
19. Last Ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty
20. Fall of the Tughlaq Dynasty
21. Tughlaq Dynasty Rulers List
22. Importance of the Tughlaq Dynasty
23. Important Exam Points
24. Recommended Book for Students
25. FAQs

What Is the Tughlaq Dynasty?

The Tughlaq Dynasty was the third major ruling dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. It came after the Slave and Khalji periods and ruled from 1320 to 1414 AD. The dynasty began with Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq and ended during the weak rule of Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah, after which Khizr Khan established the Sayyid Dynasty.

The Tughlaq Dynasty is remembered for its contrasts. It produced some of the most energetic rulers of the Delhi Sultanate, yet it also witnessed some of the greatest administrative failures. It expanded imperial control, but it also saw Bengal, the Deccan and South Indian kingdoms become independent. It produced grand buildings and public works, but it also ended in political collapse after Timur’s invasion.

The most famous rulers of the dynasty were Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Feroz Shah Tughlaq. Ghiyasuddin restored stability, Muhammad bin Tughlaq attempted grand experiments, and Feroz Shah Tughlaq focused on public welfare, irrigation, orthodoxy and hereditary administration.

For students, the Tughlaq Dynasty history is important because it shows how strong ideas can fail when they are badly implemented. It also explains why the Delhi Sultanate began to lose central control before the rise of later regional kingdoms and dynasties.

Tughlaq Dynasty Time Period

The Tughlaq Dynasty time period was from 1320 AD to 1414 AD. This means the dynasty ruled for nearly ninety-four years. However, its most powerful phase was during the reigns of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Feroz Shah Tughlaq.

After Feroz Shah Tughlaq’s death in 1388 AD, the dynasty became weak. Succession disputes, provincial revolts, noble rivalries and external invasion damaged the Sultanate. The invasion of Timur in 1398 AD shattered Delhi and reduced the Sultanate’s authority.

Although Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah remained the final ruler of the dynasty, his authority was limited. The Sultanate had already lost much of its earlier power. In 1414 AD, Khizr Khan captured Delhi and founded the Sayyid Dynasty.

For exams, students should remember three key dates: 1320 AD for the beginning of the Tughlaq Dynasty, 1398 AD for Timur’s invasion, and 1414 AD for the end of the dynasty.

Tughlaq Dynasty Origin

The Tughlaq Dynasty origin is linked with the frontier military class of the Delhi Sultanate. Its founder, Ghazi Malik, was the governor of Dipalpur and Warden of the Marches. He had defended the north-western frontier against Mongol attacks and had earned military respect before becoming Sultan.

Ghazi Malik was of mixed parentage. His father was Turkish, and his mother was a Jat woman from Punjab. This background is important because it reflects the changing social base of the Delhi Sultanate. By the Tughlaq period, power was no longer restricted to the old Turkish elite alone.

The dynasty rose after the fall of the Khaljis. Khusrau Khan had murdered Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah and taken power in Delhi. Many nobles did not accept him as legitimate. Ghazi Malik marched from Dipalpur, defeated Khusrau Khan and restored order.

Thus, the Tughlaq Dynasty began as a military restoration. It promised discipline, frontier strength and administrative reform after the palace chaos that ended the Khalji period.

Founder of Tughlaq Dynasty: Ghazi Malik

The founder of Tughlaq Dynasty was Ghazi Malik. Students often ask: Ghazi Malik was the founder of which dynasty? The answer is that Ghazi Malik founded the Tughlaq Dynasty in 1320 AD and took the royal title Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.

Before becoming Sultan, Ghazi Malik served as the governor of Dipalpur, a frontier province. He was responsible for defending the Sultanate against Mongol attacks. His military success gave him prestige and support among soldiers and nobles.

When Khusrau Khan seized the throne after killing Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah, Ghazi Malik refused to accept him. He marched toward Delhi, defeated Khusrau Khan and restored the authority of the Sultanate.

Ghazi Malik’s rise shows the importance of frontier commanders in Delhi politics. The north-western frontier was a dangerous zone, and commanders who defended it often gained political strength. Ghazi Malik used that strength to become Sultan and founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty.

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq: Restoration and Foundation

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ruled from 1320 to 1325 AD. His reign was short but important. He inherited a state damaged by palace intrigue, weak authority and administrative disorder. His first goal was restoration.

He reversed some of the harsh policies of Alauddin Khalji. He lowered land revenue to a more moderate level, usually associated with one-tenth or one-eleventh of produce in some accounts. This was meant to relieve peasants and restore agricultural confidence.

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq also introduced a more practical agrarian policy. He discouraged reckless revenue demands and ordered officials to share losses in case of natural calamities or crop failure. This showed that he understood the importance of peasant welfare for state stability.

He also focused on irrigation. He is often credited with being the first Sultan of Delhi to build canals for irrigation. Later rulers, especially Feroz Shah Tughlaq, expanded this policy more fully.

Tughlaqabad and Tughlaq Dynasty Architecture

Tughlaq Dynasty architecture began strongly under Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. His most famous architectural project was Tughlaqabad, the third city of Delhi. It was built between 1321 and 1323 AD as a massive fortress-city.

Tughlaqabad was built for defence. Its walls were thick, sloping and massive. The architecture used huge rough stones and gave the city a strong military appearance. This style is often described as cyclopean because of its heavy and rough-hewn stonework.

The tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq is also important. It has red sandstone, white marble and a strong sloping exterior. The tomb reflects the early Tughlaq style: simple, defensive, massive and serious.

The story of Tughlaqabad is also connected with the famous Sufi saint Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya. According to tradition, when Ghiyasuddin forced workers away from the saint’s baoli project, the saint said: “Hunuz Dilli Dur Ast”, meaning “Delhi is yet far away.” The phrase became associated with Ghiyasuddin’s death before fully returning to Delhi.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq: The Visionary Failure

Muhammad bin Tughlaq ruled from 1325 to 1351 AD. He is one of the most controversial rulers in Indian history. He was highly educated and intelligent. He had knowledge of logic, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, medicine and theology. Contemporary writers such as Ziauddin Barani and Ibn Battuta described him as a ruler of extraordinary intellect but unstable judgment.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq was not weak. He had imagination, ambition and administrative energy. However, many of his projects failed because they were too sudden, too harsh or badly implemented. His reign is therefore often described as a mixture of brilliance and failure.

His major experiments included taxation in the Doab, transfer of capital to Daulatabad, token currency, the Khurasan expedition, the Qarachil expedition and agricultural reforms through Diwan-i-Amir-Kohi.

Students should not write about Muhammad bin Tughlaq as a mad king. A better answer is that he was a visionary ruler who lacked practical judgment, patience and implementation discipline. His ideas were often ahead of his time, but his methods were disastrous.

Transfer of Capital to Daulatabad

One of the most famous policies of Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the transfer of capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, earlier known as Devagiri, in 1327 AD. His aim was to create a more central capital because the Sultanate had expanded toward the Deccan and South India.

Daulatabad was geographically more central than Delhi for a large empire. It was also farther from the Mongol threat on the north-western frontier. In theory, the idea had strategic logic.

However, the implementation was harsh. The entire population of Delhi, including nobles, scholars, common people and religious figures, was reportedly forced to move. The journey was long and painful. Many people suffered and died on the way.

The experiment failed, and Muhammad bin Tughlaq later allowed people to return to Delhi. The transfer of capital became a symbol of his administrative overreach: an idea with logic but without human planning.

Token Currency Experiment

The Tughlaq Dynasty coins topic is closely linked with Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s token currency experiment. In 1329–1330 AD, he introduced copper and brass coins with the same face value as silver coins. This idea was inspired partly by paper currency experiments in China under Kublai Khan.

The aim was to solve the shortage of silver and increase state resources. In theory, token currency could work if the state controlled minting and prevented forgery.

However, Muhammad bin Tughlaq failed to control counterfeit production. People began making fake coins in their homes. Ziauddin Barani famously noted that every Hindu’s house became a mint. Trade collapsed because people lost confidence in currency.

Eventually, the Sultan withdrew the token currency and agreed to exchange fake and real coins for silver and gold from the treasury. This caused huge financial loss to the state. For exams, the token currency experiment is one of the most important examples of failed implementation under Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

Taxation in the Doab

Another major experiment of Muhammad bin Tughlaq was increased taxation in the Doab, the fertile region between the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. He raised land revenue to finance his military plans and imperial projects.

Unfortunately, this policy came at a terrible time. The region faced famine and scarcity. Instead of reducing pressure, the administration collected taxes harshly. Many peasants fled, rebelled or abandoned cultivation.

The policy created agrarian distress and rebellion. The Sultan had to send troops to suppress unrest, but this only worsened the relationship between state and peasantry.

The Doab taxation failure shows that revenue policy must match agricultural reality. A strong state cannot survive if it destroys the farmers who support its treasury.

Khurasan and Qarachil Expeditions

Muhammad bin Tughlaq also planned ambitious military expeditions. The first was the Khurasan expedition. He wanted to conquer Khurasan, Persia and Iraq. For this purpose, he mobilized a huge army, reportedly around 370,000 soldiers.

The project failed before it began. After about a year of preparation, he abandoned the plan. The soldiers became unemployed, and many turned into bandits. This created further disorder in the Sultanate.

The second major failure was the Qarachil expedition of 1333 AD. This campaign was directed toward the Kumaon-Garhwal region in the Himalayas. The army advanced but became trapped by monsoon conditions and rough mountain terrain.

The campaign ended in disaster. The troops suffered heavy losses, and the survivors returned to Delhi in miserable condition. These expeditions show Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s ambition but also his weak practical planning.

Diwan-i-Amir-Kohi and Agricultural Reforms

Muhammad bin Tughlaq also attempted agricultural reform through a department called Diwan-i-Amir-Kohi. This department was meant to promote state-supported agriculture and improve cultivation.

He provided loans to farmers for seeds, implements, wells and agricultural development. He also attempted to create model farms around Delhi. The aim was to increase production and support state revenue.

However, the reform failed. Corrupt officials embezzled funds, and the land selected for the experiment was of poor quality. Farmers did not benefit as intended.

This policy again shows the pattern of Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s rule. The idea was not foolish. State-supported agriculture could have helped the economy. But corruption, poor planning and weak implementation turned it into failure.

Fragmentation of the Sultanate

By 1335 AD, the empire of Muhammad bin Tughlaq began to fragment under the pressure of constant rebellions. His inability to control the Deccan and South India led to the rise of powerful independent states.

The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in 1336 AD by Harihara and Bukka in the south. It became one of the greatest Hindu empires of medieval South India.

The Bahmani Kingdom was founded in 1347 AD by Alauddin Bahman Shah, also known as Hasan Gangu. It became the first major independent Muslim kingdom in the Deccan.

The Madurai Sultanate was also established in 1335 AD by Jalaluddin Ahsan Shah. These developments show that Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s empire was too large and unstable to control from Delhi.

Feroz Shah Tughlaq and Public Works

Feroz Shah Tughlaq ruled from 1351 to 1388 AD. He came to power after the death of Muhammad bin Tughlaq at Thatta while pursuing a rebel. Feroz Shah inherited a tired and unstable empire.

Unlike Muhammad bin Tughlaq, Feroz Shah abandoned aggressive expansion and focused on restoration, welfare and public works. He reduced the harshness of earlier policies and tried to win support through a softer style of governance.

He abolished nearly twenty-four burdensome taxes known as Abwabs and claimed to collect only four Islamic taxes: Kharaj, Zakat, Jizya and Khums. This policy was meant to reduce arbitrary taxation.

Feroz Shah Tughlaq is often remembered as a builder. He built canals, towns, hospitals, schools, rest houses, gardens and workshops. His reign brought temporary prosperity, especially in irrigation and public infrastructure.

Canals, Cities and Welfare Institutions

Feroz Shah Tughlaq was one of the greatest builders among the Delhi Sultans. His most famous work was irrigation. He constructed a large network of canals, including the Western Yamuna Canal, which linked the Yamuna to Hissar, and the Sutlej-Ghaggar canal.

He also imposed Haq-i-Sharb, a water tax equal to one-tenth of produce, on land that benefited from state irrigation. This shows that his canal policy was both welfare-based and revenue-based.

He founded several cities, including Firozabad, Fatehabad, Hisar and Jaunpur. Jaunpur was founded in memory of Muhammad bin Tughlaq, whose real name was Jauna Khan.

Feroz Shah also established the Diwan-i-Khairat, a charity department that helped poor girls, widows and orphans. He created Dar-ul-Shifa, hospitals where free treatment and medicine were provided. These institutions made his rule more welfare-oriented than that of many earlier Sultans.

Administrative and Religious Policy of Feroz Shah

Feroz Shah Tughlaq introduced several administrative changes. However, not all of them strengthened the state. One major weakness was his decision to make Iqta assignments and military posts hereditary.

This policy gave temporary satisfaction to nobles and officers, but it weakened central authority. If military posts became hereditary, discipline and merit declined. A soldier’s son could inherit a position even if he was not capable.

Feroz Shah also created the Diwan-i-Bandagan, or Department of Slaves. He reportedly maintained a huge number of slaves, including thousands trained in different crafts and services. This department was unique but costly and politically risky.

Religiously, Feroz Shah was more orthodox than earlier rulers. He imposed Jizya as a separate tax on Brahmins, who had previously often been exempted. He also suppressed practices that he considered un-Islamic. His orthodoxy gained support from religious scholars but also narrowed the inclusive political base of the Sultanate.

Tughlaq Dynasty Coins

Tughlaq Dynasty coins are important because they reflect both economic experimentation and administrative policy. The most famous coinage experiment was Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s token currency, where copper and brass coins were given the value of silver.

This experiment failed because counterfeit coins spread widely. It damaged trade and forced the Sultan to exchange token coins for precious metals, causing a major loss to the treasury.

Feroz Shah Tughlaq also introduced coins, including the Adha, a half-jital coin, and the Bikh, a quarter-jital coin. These small coins made daily transactions easier.

For exams, remember that Muhammad bin Tughlaq is associated with token currency, while Feroz Shah Tughlaq is associated with small coins such as Adha and Bikh.

Timur Invasion of India

The Timur invasion of India in 1398 AD was one of the most devastating events in the history of the Tughlaq Dynasty. Timur, also known as Tamerlane, was a powerful conqueror from Central Asia. He had already built a large empire and saw India as a wealthy target.

Timur entered through the Indus and Punjab. His forces crossed the Indus in September 1398 and moved toward Delhi. Cities such as Tulamba, Dipalpur, Multan and Loni suffered heavily.

The final battle took place near Delhi in December 1398. The Tughlaq Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah and his powerful minister Mallu Iqbal tried to resist. Timur used a famous tactic against the Sultanate’s elephants. He placed flaming material on camels and drove them toward the elephants. The frightened elephants turned back and caused chaos in the Sultanate army.

After capturing Delhi, Timur ordered a terrible massacre. Skilled artisans, masons, stone-cutters and weavers were deported to Samarkand. This caused serious damage to Delhi’s economy, population and cultural life.

Last Ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty

The last ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty was Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah. He ruled during the final years of the dynasty, but his authority was weak and divided.

During his reign, Delhi was not a strong imperial capital. Rival claimants, nobles and governors held real power in different regions. Timur’s invasion made the situation worse by destroying Delhi and weakening the Sultanate beyond recovery.

After Timur left India, he appointed Khizr Khan, the former governor of Multan, as his deputy in the Punjab and Upper Sindh. Khizr Khan gradually became powerful.

In 1414 AD, Khizr Khan marched on Delhi and established the Sayyid Dynasty. This ended the Tughlaq Dynasty and began a new but weaker phase of the Delhi Sultanate.

Fall of the Tughlaq Dynasty

The fall of the Tughlaq Dynasty was caused by several factors. First, Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s failed experiments weakened the economy, administration and public confidence. His harsh taxation, failed token currency, forced capital transfer and unsuccessful expeditions created instability.

Second, the empire became too large to control. Rebellions broke out in the Deccan, Bengal, South India and other regions. Independent kingdoms such as Vijayanagara and Bahmani emerged during this period.

Third, Feroz Shah Tughlaq’s hereditary administrative policies weakened central authority. While his public works brought temporary relief, his decision to make offices hereditary reduced discipline and merit.

Fourth, later Tughlaq rulers were weak. They could not control nobles, provincial governors or military factions. Delhi’s authority shrank gradually.

Finally, Timur’s invasion destroyed whatever remained of imperial strength. Delhi was sacked, population declined, trade was damaged, irrigation systems suffered and the prestige of the Sultanate collapsed. The rise of Khizr Khan in 1414 AD completed the fall of the dynasty.

Tughlaq Dynasty Rulers List

Ruler	Reign	Importance
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq	1320–1325 AD	Founder of Tughlaq Dynasty; restored order after Khalji chaos and built Tughlaqabad.
Muhammad bin Tughlaq	1325–1351 AD	Most controversial ruler; known for capital transfer, token currency, Doab taxation and failed experiments.
Feroz Shah Tughlaq	1351–1388 AD	Known for canals, cities, public works, Diwan-i-Khairat, Diwan-i-Bandagan and Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi.
Later Tughlaq Rulers	1388–1414 AD	Weak rulers who faced succession crises, rebellions and Timur’s invasion.
Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah	Final phase until 1414 AD	Last ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty; his weak rule ended when Khizr Khan founded the Sayyid Dynasty.

Importance of the Tughlaq Dynasty

The Tughlaq Dynasty is important because it reveals the complexity of medieval state-building. It was not a simple story of success or failure. It was a dynasty of ambition, experimentation, reform, welfare and collapse.

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq restored stability after political chaos. Muhammad bin Tughlaq tried to centralize and expand the empire through bold policies, but his plans failed because of poor execution. Feroz Shah Tughlaq shifted the state toward welfare, irrigation and public works, but his administrative softness weakened central authority in the long run.

The dynasty also produced major architectural developments. Tughlaqabad, the tomb of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, Firoz Shah Kotla and the cities founded by Feroz Shah show the distinctive Tughlaq architectural style: strong, practical, massive and defensive.

The Tughlaq period also explains the rise of regional powers. Bengal, Vijayanagara, Bahmani and Madurai grew during or after the weakening of central authority. Therefore, the Tughlaq Dynasty history helps students understand why the Delhi Sultanate became politically fragmented before the later Lodis and Mughals.

Important Exam Points

Question	Answer
Who was the founder of Tughlaq Dynasty?	Ghazi Malik, who took the title Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq in 1320 AD.
Ghazi Malik was the founder of which dynasty?	Ghazi Malik was the founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty.
What was the Tughlaq Dynasty time period?	1320 AD to 1414 AD.
Who built Tughlaqabad?	Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.
Who transferred the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad?	Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
What was Daulatabad previously called?	Devagiri.
Who introduced token currency?	Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
Why did token currency fail?	Because counterfeit copper and brass coins spread widely and the state failed to control forgery.
What was Diwan-i-Amir-Kohi?	A department created by Muhammad bin Tughlaq for agricultural development.
Who was Ibn Battuta?	A Moroccan traveler who served as Chief Qazi of Delhi under Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire?	Harihara and Bukka in 1336 AD.
Who founded the Bahmani Kingdom?	Alauddin Bahman Shah in 1347 AD.
Who was known for public works and canals?	Feroz Shah Tughlaq.
What was Diwan-i-Khairat?	A charity department established by Feroz Shah Tughlaq.
What was Diwan-i-Bandagan?	The Department of Slaves established by Feroz Shah Tughlaq.
Who wrote Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi?	Feroz Shah Tughlaq.
When did Timur invade India?	1398 AD.
Who was the last ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty?	Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah.
Who founded the Sayyid Dynasty?	Khizr Khan in 1414 AD.

Recommended Book for Students

The Tughlaq Dynasty becomes easier when it is studied in a proper timeline. Students often confuse the Khaljis, Tughlaqs, Sayyids and Lodis because they memorize disconnected facts. A chronological approach helps connect each ruler and dynasty with the next.

The Indus Odyssey from Debal to Islamabad: The Ultimate Guide to Pakistan Affairs explains the full historical flow from 711 to 2025. It connects early Muslim rule in Sindh, the Ghaznavids, Muhammad Ghori, the Slave Dynasty, the Khaljis, the Tughlaq Dynasty, the Sayyids, the Lodis, the Mughals, British India, the Pakistan Movement and modern Pakistan in one structured guide. It is useful for CSS, PMS, PCS, PPSC, FPSC, UPSC background reading, university students, teachers and history learners in Pakistan and India.

FAQs

What was the Tughlaq Dynasty?

The Tughlaq Dynasty was a ruling dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate that ruled from 1320 to 1414 AD. It came after the Khalji period and before the Sayyid Dynasty.

Who was the founder of Tughlaq Dynasty?

The founder of Tughlaq Dynasty was Ghazi Malik. He became Sultan in 1320 AD and took the title Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.

Ghazi Malik was the founder of which dynasty?

Ghazi Malik was the founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty. He ruled as Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq from 1320 to 1325 AD.

Who was the most controversial ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty?

Muhammad bin Tughlaq was the most controversial ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty because of his failed experiments such as token currency, transfer of capital and harsh taxation in the Doab.

What was the Tughlaq Dynasty time period?

The Tughlaq Dynasty time period was from 1320 AD to 1414 AD.

Who introduced token currency in India?

Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced token currency using copper and brass coins, but the experiment failed due to large-scale counterfeiting.

Who transferred the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad?

Muhammad bin Tughlaq transferred the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad, earlier known as Devagiri.

Who was Feroz Shah Tughlaq?

Feroz Shah Tughlaq was a ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty known for canals, cities, public works, hospitals, charity departments, slave department and religious orthodoxy.

Who was the last ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty?

The last ruler of Tughlaq Dynasty was Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah. The dynasty ended in 1414 AD when Khizr Khan founded the Sayyid Dynasty.

When did Timur invade India?

Timur invaded India in 1398 AD during the final phase of the Tughlaq Dynasty and sacked Delhi.

Where can I buy The Indus Odyssey from Debal to Islamabad?

You can buy the Kindle edition on Amazon India and Amazon USA using these links: Amazon India and Amazon USA.

Recommended Book

The Indus Odyssey from Debal to Islamabad

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